Securing a food future In cities: a case study in repurposing military bases
by Ellen Burke.
The Alameda Point Collaborative Urban Farm is a one-acre farm growing
a variety of fruits, vegetables, herbs, eggs, honey, and-with the
introduction of new aquaculture ponds-will soon offer fish as well. Neat
rows of plants are surrounded by olive and stone fruit orchards, but
beyond this farm, towering cranes are positioned on the horizon. This
farm is in a unique location.
The Naval Air Station at Alameda was founded in 1927 when wetlands
were filled on the tip of this island in the San Francisco Bay to build
runways for military planes. As a naval port, the base was most active
during World War II and later during the Cold War. In 1997 the station
was closed, as part of the fourth round of closures under the Base
Realignment and Closure Act. But the closing of a military installation
is often seen as a development opportunity in urban areas, as it opens
up land for growth and expansion within city limits.
In the case of the Alameda Station, 1,734 acres became available for
other uses. At least three other former military lands are slated for
redevelopment in the San Francisco Bay Area, including Mare Island, the
Presidio, and Treasure Island-most in some form of combined mixed-use,
housing, and open space plans. Typically, some portion of the land is
also set aside for use by government agencies and non-profits as a
“public benefit conveyance.” One such public benefit, a portion of the
former Alameda base is used by the Alameda Point Collaborative (APC), a “supportive housing community” that provides homes, job training, and other services to formerly homeless families.
The APC Farm grew out of a food community assessment that found
widespread difficulty in obtaining nutritious and fresh food due to
availability and cost. The community was stranded in a food desert. In
2008, following these findings, the farm was created to provide produce
for the residents and to educate youth and community members on the
benefits of healthy eating. The APC Farm now offers a CSA-style weekly
produce delivery service and sells at a farm stand and to local
restaurants, and produce from the farm also serves the community
kitchen. The farm’s focus on education was nationally recognized in late
August, as members of the Growing Youth program traveled to
Philadelphia to help draft the Youth Food Bill of Rights at the Rooted in Community Conference.
The APC Farm is an example of the public benefit communities can reap
from former military lands, one that addresses multiple levels of the
urban food system, including food security and food deserts. In urban
areas, lack of available land restricts potential for growing food. But
base closings free up large swaths of land which can be used for
farming. In fact, the very scale of lands available in these former
bases indicate the possibility for much larger, more ambitious farming
projects.
Areas around a former base are often economically depressed, having
weathered a sudden loss of population and jobs. They are also poorly
served by grocery stores and public transportation. By bringing
productive landscapes to the base (and setting up market stands and
CSAs, too), the neighborhood is served with a fresh, nutritious food
source.
So why don’t we see more proposals for farms on former bases? One
major constraint is contamination issues: Military bases are often
highly polluted from former operations at the base, and many are Superfund sites.
In the case of the APC Farm, the farm is located on a former
playground, which means the risks of contamination are low (soil was
tested to confirm lack of contamination before the farm was cultivated).
Depending on the past uses of a base, there can be many low-risk areas
suitable for agricultural uses, including buffer areas at the base
edges, former housing and administration areas, or undeveloped areas. In
most cases, soil health has to be rebuilt and soil testing must be
performed.
Communities will emerge around land that can support a population. If
we consider the option of repurposing natural landscapes, integrating
agriculture as a core element, then we can grow new types of
neighborhoods and marketplaces which are strong enough to provide for
local populations and the city beyond their borders.
Farm programs on abandoned military land are opportunities to strengthen food deserts. We shouldn’t ignore their potential.
This article originally appeared in Civil Eats.
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